Tuesday, May 3, 2016

Young learners' Characteristics

Children are unique learners and they can easily imitate something for example a language. To know a language, they need an environment surrounded by targeted language that is meaningful because of the context and because of the way the teacher speak to them. As a language teacher, it is better that before teaching young learner, teachers should know the young learners’ characteristics in order to give ease to understand them. The characteristics cover their ways of thinking, their attitude, their aptitude, learning language, et cetera.
Here some researchers give their ideas as below                                                                                   1.    Brumfit (1997: v) gives a list of the characteristics which young learners share:
a.      Young learners are only just beginning their schooling, so that teachers have a major opportunity to mold their expectations of life in school.
b.      As a group they are potentially more differentiated than secondary or adult learners, for they are closer to their varied home cultures, and new to the conformity increasingly imposed across cultural grouping by the school.
c.        They tend to be keen and enthusiastic learners,
d.      Their learning can be closely linked with their development of ideas and concepts, because it is so close to their initial experiences of formal schooling.
e.       They need physical movement and activity as much as stimulation for their thinking, and the closer together these can be the better.

2.      Halliwel (1992: 3-5) clarifies the characteristics of children; 
a.      Children are already very good in interpreting meaning without necessarily understanding the individual word.
b.      Children already have great skill in using limited language creativity.
c.       Children frequently learn indirectly rather than directly.
d.      Children take good pleasure in finding and creating fun in what they do.
e.      Children have a ready imagination, children words are full of imagination and fantasy, and it is more than simply matter of enjoyment.

3.      The characteristic of young learners mentioned by Clark (1990: 6-8):
a.      Children are developing conceptually: they develop their way of thinking from the concrete to the abstract thing.
b.      Children have no real linguistics, different from the adult learners that already have certain purpose in learning language, for instances, to have a better job, children rarely have such needs in learning a foreign language. They learn subject what school provide for them.
c.       Children are still developing; they are developing common skill such as turn talking and the use of body language.
d.      Young children very egocentric, they tend to resolve around themselves.       
e.      Children get bored easily. Children have no choice to attend school. The lack of the choice means that class activities need to be fun interesting and exciting as possible by setting up the interesting activities. 

Furthermore we can conclude that the characteristics of young learners are
1.       They have short attention span. So teachers should vary their techniques to break the boredom. They should give varied activities as handwriting, songs , games etc.
2.       They are very active. Try to ask them to play games, role play dialogues and involve them in competitions.
3.       They respond well to praising. Always encourage them and praise their work.
4.       They differ in their experience of language. Treat them as a unit, don't favour those who know some English at the expense of those who do not know.
5.       They are less shy than older learners. Ask them to repeat utterances, resort to mechanical drills.
6.       They are imaginative. Use Realia or pictures to teach new vocabulary related to concrete meanings.
7.       They enjoy learning through playing. Young learners learn best when they learn through games. Let games be an essential part of your teaching.
8.       They are less shy than older learners.
9.       They enjoy imitating and skillful in listening accurately and mimicking what they have heard.
10.    They respond well to rewards from the teacher.

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